Opus

Encyclopædia of the sublime

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Pheasant Island

Pheasant Island, known as Île des Faisans in French and Isla de los Faisanes in Spanish, is a small uninhabited islet located in the Bidasoa River, which forms part of the border between France and Spain. Despite its diminutive size, this tiny island holds immense historical significance as a symbol of peace, diplomacy, and international cooperation. The history of Pheasant Island is deeply intertwined with the complex relations between France and Spain, two European powers that have frequently been at odds throughout history. In 1659, the Treaty of the Pyrenees, negotiated to end the long-running Franco-Spanish War, stipulated that Pheasant Island would serve as a neutral territory, jointly administered by both countries. Since then, Pheasant Island has become a symbol of reconciliation and diplomacy between France and Spain. Every six months, on February 1st and August 1st, representatives from both nations gather on the island to perform a ceremonial handover of sovereignty, symbolizing the shared commitment to maintaining peace and stability in the region.

Tomb of Suleyman Shah

The Tomb of Suleyman Shah, located in northern Syria near the town of Eshme, holds a profound significance in Turkish history and identity. Situated along the banks of the Euphrates River, this sacred site is revered as the final resting place of Suleyman Shah, the grandfather of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. The story of Suleyman Shah dates back to the early 13th century when he led his tribe, the Kayi, on a journey from Central Asia to Anatolia in search of new lands. Legend has it that Suleyman Shah drowned in the Euphrates River while crossing the frontier, and his burial site became a symbol of Turkish sovereignty and territorial integrity. Over the centuries, the Tomb of Suleyman Shah has remained a focal point of Turkish national identity, revered as a sacred symbol of the nation's origins and heritage. Despite its remote location in northern Syria, the Turkish government has maintained a symbolic presence at the site, ensuring its protection and preservation. In 2015, the Turkish military undertook a daring operation to relocate the tomb to a safer location amid the turmoil of the Syrian Civil War. Turkish soldiers crossed into Syrian territory, escorted by tanks and special forces, to retrieve the tomb and transport it to a new site within Turkish territory, near the border with Syria.

Campione d’Italia

Campione d’Italia is an outpost of Italy entirely surrounded by Switzerland. The town is a geographic rarity known as an enclave – a territory completely surrounded by another territory. It’s also an exclave, a closely related term describing a portion of a territory separated from its main part by another territory. While it’s less than a mile hike to the Italian border through the wooded hillside above town, it’s a 40-minute drive to Como, the Italian region’s governmental centre. The history of Campione d’Italia dates back centuries, with evidence of human settlement in the area dating to Roman times. Over the centuries, Campione changed hands multiple times between various Italian city-states and foreign powers, including the Duchy of Milan, the Swiss Confederacy, and the Kingdom of Italy. In 1918, following the end of World War I, Campione officially became part of the Italian Republic as an exclave, surrounded entirely by Swiss territory. This unique geopolitical status has contributed to Campione's distinct identity and cultural heritage, blending Italian and Swiss influences in its architecture, cuisine, and way of life. One of Campione's most iconic landmarks is the imposing Casino Municipale di Campione d'Italia, a lavish casino complex that has been a symbol of the town's prosperity and glamour since its opening in 1917. The casino, situated on the shores of Lake Lugano, attracts visitors from across Europe with its opulent décor, world-class gaming facilities, and stunning lake views.

Inini

Inini, once a remote and sparsely inhabited territory in South America, holds a place of historical intrigue and mystery. Located in the heart of the Amazon rainforest, Inini was a territory shrouded in dense jungle, inhabited by indigenous peoples and elusive wildlife, and largely untouched by outside influence for much of its history. The history of Inini is deeply intertwined with the exploration and colonization of South America. In the early 20th century, French explorers ventured into the uncharted depths of the Amazon basin in search of new territories to claim for their empire. Inini, named after the Inini River that flows through the region, became one such territory, annexed by France in 1930. Despite its remote location and challenging terrain, Inini captured the imagination of adventurers and explorers from around the world. Its vast expanse of pristine rainforest, teeming with exotic flora and fauna, beckoned to those with a spirit of adventure and a thirst for discovery. Inini's population was sparse and consisted primarily of indigenous tribes, who had long inhabited the region and subsisted through hunting, fishing, and gathering. French colonial authorities established a small administrative center in the town of Saint-Élie to govern the territory and oversee economic activities such as logging and rubber extraction. However, Inini's status as a French territory was short-lived, and its existence faded into obscurity in the decades that followed. With the decline of the rubber industry and the challenges posed by the inhospitable environment, Inini gradually lost its significance as a colonial outpost, and its population dwindled. Today, the territory of Inini is largely forgotten, its name relegated to the annals of history. The once-thriving colonial settlements have succumbed to the encroaching jungle, reclaimed by nature and obscured by foliage.

Tannu Tuva

Tannu Tuva was a small and remote territory located in the heart of Central Asia. Situated between Mongolia and Siberia, Tannu Tuva was characterized by its rugged landscapes, pristine wilderness, and unique cultural heritage, making it a fascinating and enigmatic region with a rich history. In the early 20th century, Tannu Tuva emerged as a semi-autonomous region within the Russian Empire, later becoming a protectorate of the Soviet Union in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution. Despite its remote location and relatively small population, Tannu Tuva gained international attention in the philatelic world during the 20th century. The region issued a series of distinctive postage stamps featuring intricate designs and motifs inspired by Tuvan folklore, wildlife, and natural scenery, attracting collectors and enthusiasts from around the globe.

Money train

A money train is one or more railcars used to collect cash fare revenue from stations on a subway system and return it to a central location for processing. This train was typically used to carry money bags guarded by transit police to deter robberies. On the New York City Subway, a "money train" was first mentioned in 1905, a year after the system opened. Their trains were converted from subway cars that have been removed from passenger service. This has since been discontinued, with the last service running in January 2006.

Sable Island

Sable Island is a small Canadian island situated 300 km (190 mi) southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and about 175 km (109 mi) southeast of the closest point of mainland Nova Scotia in the North Atlantic Ocean. The island is staffed year round by three federal government staff, rising during summer months when research projects and tourism increase. Notable for its role in early Canadian history and the Sable Island horse, the island is protected and managed by Parks Canada, which must grant permission prior to any visit.

Allura Red AC

Allura Red AC, also known by its chemical name Red 40, is a synthetic food coloring agent extensively utilized in various food and beverage products worldwide. Classified as a synthetic azo dye, it is characterized by its vibrant red hue and wide-ranging applications across the food industry. This synthetic colorant is commonly employed to impart a visually appealing red shade to a diverse array of food and beverage items, including candies, soft drinks, desserts, snacks, and processed foods. Its vibrant color enhances the aesthetic appeal of these products, making them more attractive to consumers.