Jack Parsons was an American rocket propulsion researcher at the California Institute of Technology and co-founder of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. An enthusiastic occultist, he was one of the earliest American devotees of Aleister Crowley, and a leading member of his organization, Ordo Templi Orientis. Amongst many other things, Parsons and an associate attempted to bring about some sort of incarnation of the goddess Babalon. Parsons performed rituals (reportedly to the background music of Prokofiev and Rachmaninoff records) for 11 days in a process known as the Babalon Working.